CT机的性能及运行状态监测

介绍了CT机的性能及运行状态在临床诊断中的重要性，分析了CT机各部件的监测与维护特点。应用CT核心组件持续监测总结法，解决了CT机的性能及运行状态监测非系统化的问题，为医院掌握CT机的实时性能状况提供了有力的依据，保障了设备准确稳定地运行。     

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Salvianolic Acids and Tanshinones Dry Powder Inhalation

Salvianolic acids and tanshinones both exhibit efficacy in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but their formulation limits their clinical use. This study aimed to prepare the salvianolic acids and tanshinones dry powder for inhalation (SPI) to achieve pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF. The variable quantities of salvianolic acids and tanshinones composite powder were optimized using the central composite design-response surface method. Different carriers with various drug-carrier ratios were optimized to prepare SPI. The final optimized formulation of SPI was as follows: InhaLac 230^® was selected as the carrier with drug:carrier = 1:6, and the milled lactose InhaLac 400^® was added at 5%. The developed SPI characterized with an angle of repose 52.46 ± 1.04°, Carr's index of 34.00 ± 0.50% and showed high lung deposition in vitro, indicating the potential of pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF.     

Evaluation of a portable gas chromatograph with photoionization detector under variations of VOC concentration,temperature, and relative humidity

The objective of this present study was to evaluate the performance of a portable gas chromatograph-photoionization detector (GC-PID), under various test conditions to determine if it could be used in occupational settings. A mixture of 7 volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—acetone, ethylbenzene, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene—was selected because its components are commonly present in paint manufacturing industries. A full-factorial combination of 4 concentration levels (exposure scenarios) of VOC mixtures, 3 different temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C), and 3 relative humidities (RHs; 25%, 50%, and 75%) was conducted in a full-size controlled environmental chamber. Three repetitions were conducted for each test condition allowing for estimation of accuracy. Time-weighted average exposure data were collected using solid sorbent tubes (Anasorb 747, SKC Inc.) as the reference sampling medium. Calibration curves of Frog-4000 using the dry gases showed R² > 0.99 for all analytes except for toluene (R² = 0.97). Frog-4000 estimates within a test condition showed good consistency for the performance of repeated measurement. However, there was ～41–64% reduction in the analysis of polar acetone with 75% RH relative to collection at 25% RH. Although Frog-4000 results correlated well with solid sorbent tubes (r = 0.808–0.993, except for toluene) most of the combinations regardless of analyte did not meet the <25% accuracy criterion recommended by NIOSH. The effect of chromatographic co-elution can be seen with m, p-xylene when the results are compared to the sorbent tube sampling technique with GC-flame ionization detector. The results indicated an effect of humidity on the quantification of the polar compounds that might be attributed to the pre-concentrator placed in the selected GC-PID. Further investigation may resolve the humidity effect on sorbent trap with micro GC pre-concentrator when water vapor is present. Although this instrument does not fulfill the accuracy criterion specified in the NIOSH technical report No. 2012–162, it can be used as a screening tool for range finding monitoring with dry gases calibration in the occupational setting rather than compliance monitoring.     

喘证痰热郁肺证四诊辨证与中医经络检测仪检测结果的关系

目的:探讨喘证痰热郁肺证四诊辨证与中医经络检测仪检测结果的关系。方法:选择2015年3月—2016年9月在本院肺病科住院治疗的喘证痰热郁肺证患者120例。所有患者由两名副主任中医师同时进行望、闻、问、切四诊辨证,辨证为痰热郁肺证,并经中医经络检测仪检测,将检测结果中肺经病症与四诊辨证结果进行对比分析,结果一致者列为A组,结果不一致者列为B组。所有患者均按望、闻、问、切中医辨证进行治疗,选方清肺化痰汤加减。结果:喘证痰热郁肺证,中医经络检测仪检测肺经病症与四诊合参辨证结果一致者81例(A组),一致率67.5%,不一致者39例(B组),占32.5%;A组好转率96.29%,B组好转率94.87%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:喘证痰热郁肺证的中医经络检测仪与中医四诊合参一致性达67.5%,可作为临床中医辨证参考。     

失眠体质类型与经络检测仪辅助诊断的相关性研究

目的:对169例失眠人群的体质分布特点进行调查研究。利用中医经络检测仪对失眠人群进行检测,研究其各条经络电能量值与体质类型的相关性,为失眠的中医分型诊断及随后的治疗提供客观的依据。方法:收集门诊符合《2012年中国成人失眠诊断与治疗指南》的人群,根据《中医体质分类判定标准》判定其体质类型。用中医经络检测仪对不同体质人群人体十二经络原穴部位进行测量。结果:通过研究发现,获得的体能、代谢、心肾、筋骨状态的均值在不同体质人群中有不同程度的波动。其中阴虚质者的体能状态最高,阳虚质者最低;阳虚质者代谢状态最高,阴虚质者最低;阳虚质者心肾状态最高,气虚质者最低;阴虚质者筋骨状态最高,血瘀质者最低。结论:失眠人群的中医体质类型及不同证型与中医经络检测仪中的体能状态、代谢状态、心肾状态、筋骨状态存在相关性。     

Three-dimensional, non-destructive visualization of vertical root fractures using flat panel volume detector computer tomography: an ex vivo in vitro case report

AIM: To detect and to visualize radiographically vertical root fractures in extracted teeth with a prototype of a novel, high resolution, three-dimensional flat panel volume detector computer tomograph (FD-VCT) system. SUMMARY: Five teeth with root fillings and clinical symptoms such as fistulas and isolated periodontal pockets of 8 mm or more were extracted after dental radiography indicating lateral or periapical lesions. Vertical root fractures or cracks were suspected because of the symptoms and clinical findings were evident after extraction in all cases but fracture lines were not visible on routine dental radiographs acquired before extraction. The extracted teeth were explored with a prototype of a FD-VCT. Using the FD-VCT, in all cases vertical root fractures or crack lines could be detected clearly in different views, depiction-modes and cross-sections at a spatial resolution of 140 microm. The evaluation of the fracture lines and teeth could be performed in three-dimensional views. The FD-VCT findings were confirmed by detailed inspection of the extracted teeth. KEY LEARNING POINTS: The FD-VCT is an innovative diagnostic tool for non-destructive, three-dimensional evaluation of extracted teeth in pre-clinical and experimental studies. The FD-VCT allows precise visualization and evaluation of vertical root fractures or cracks in extracted teeth. Clinical application of the system may be possible if technical modifications reduce the exposure dose: the high resolution detector systems of the FD-VCT should be combined with radiation systems that focus the radiation to the area of interest.     

Evaluation of a new caries detecting dye for primary and permanent carious dentin

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of a new caries detecting dye using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent). METHOD: Primary and permanent teeth with dentin caries were stained with Caries Check (CC), containing 1% acid red in polypropylene glycol (MW=300) or Caries Detector (CD), containing 1% acid red in propylene glycol (MW=76). Primary-CC, primary-CD, permanent-CC and permanent-CD groups were prepared. In the CC groups, stained dentin was completely removed. In the CD groups, pink-stained dentin was retained according to the manufacturers' instructions. Cavities before and after caries removal were measured with the DIAGNOdent. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD multiple comparison test at alpha=0.05. Regression analyses were performed between DIAGNOdent readings and scores obtained from the clinical parameters. RESULTS: For all groups, there were no significant differences in the DIAGNOdent readings before treatment. The DIAGNOdent readings after caries removal were: primary-CC (16.0+/-17.6), primary-CD (9.6+/-5.2), permanent-CC (11.0+/-7.0) and permanent-CD (7.1+/-3.8). Significant differences were identified between the permanent-CC and primary-CD, and permanent-CC and permanent-CD subgroups but not for the primary subgroups. Correlation coefficients between DIAGNOdent readings and clinical parameters were low. CONCLUSIONS: When dentin stained with Caries Check was completely removed, the DIAGNOdent readings were higher than those recorded when palely-stained pink dentin was retained with the Caries Detector, with significant difference observed for the permanent teeth. Caries Check may be used clinically to avoid excessive removal of caries-affected or sound dentin in permanent teeth but not in primary teeth.     

数字X线摄影焦点至探测器距离与体表入射剂量及影像质量的相关性

目的 探讨数字化X线摄影（DR）焦点至探测器距离（FFD）与辐射剂量和影像质量的相关性。方法 去除滤线栅,采用自动曝光（AEC）模式对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和细节低对比度分析体模（CDRAD 2.0）进行DR摄影,管电压分别为70 kV、90 kV;通过手动调节,设定16个不同的FFD,在100～250 cm范围内以10 cm递增。记录曝光指数（EI）,采用X线剂量仪测量体表入射剂量（ESD）和管电流,计算影像质量因子倒数（IQF_inv）,并进行统计学分析。结果 管电压70 kV时,FFD与管电流呈高度正相关（r₁=0.993,P<0.05）;FFD与EI呈中度正相关（r₂=0.649,P<0.05）;FFD与ESD呈高度负相关（r₃=-0.935,P<0.05）;FFD与IQF_inv呈中度度负相关（r₄=-0.699,P<0.05）。管电压 90 kV时,FFD与管电流呈高度正相关（r₅=0.985,P<0.05）;FFD与EI无相关性（r₆=-0.206,P>0.05）;FFD与ESD呈高度负相关（r₇=-0.968,P<0.05）;FFD与IQF_inv呈中度负相关（r₈=-0.628,P<0.05）。r₁与r₅、r₃与r₇、r₄与r₈差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 AEC模式下DR摄影,随着FFD自100～250 cm范围内增加,可降低辐射剂量,但影像细节低对比度会略有降低,在实际应用中应根据诊断要求进行FFD参数的优化。     

两种龋蚀检知液体外腐质检测的效果评估

目的　比较龋蚀检知液Caries detector和10% 优碘对离体牙龋坏牙体组织的检测效果,为临床应用提供实验室依据。　方法　选择有龋坏的离体牙80颗,分为Caries detector组和10% 优碘组,每组各40颗,再按龋坏深度分为Caries detector浅龋组,Caries detector深龋组,10%优碘浅龋组及10%优碘深龋组,每组20颗。分别记录各离体牙原始质量为G1,使用挖匙去腐后,再次记录各离体牙质量为G2,分别涂布Caries detector与10%优碘,使用挖匙去腐后再次记录离体牙质量为G3。观察各组腐质去除情况,计算并比较各组腐质清除率。　结果　 Caries detector或是10%优碘都有明显的染色效果,Caries detector的染色范围大于10%优碘,并且在清除染色牙本质后仍有不易移除的残留染剂在更深层的牙本质中。Caries detector浅龋组腐质清除率高于10%优碘浅龋组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）; Caries detector深龋组染色后腐质清除率高于10%优碘深龋组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。　结论　Caries detector在浅龋的腐质去除上有着卓越的染色效果,但是对于患有深龋的牙齿,建议使用10%的优碘,会有较好的效果。     

HPMEC-ELSD法检测注射用丹参多酚酸中大分子物质

目的 建立注射用丹参多酚酸（SAFI）中大分子物质（相对分子质量≥1.0×10⁴）的高效分子排阻色谱-蒸发光散射（HPMEC-ELSD）检测方法。方法 采用超滤离心方法（截留相对分子质量为3 000,转速为4 000 r·min^-1）对供试品溶液中的大分子物质进行分离富集。色谱条件为：检测器ELSD,Ultrahydrogel 500与Ultrahydrogel 250色谱柱串联,流动相0.02%甲酸水溶液,流动相体积流量0.6 mL·min^-1,柱温35℃,进样量10 μL,压缩空气体积流量2.5 L·min^-1,漂移管温度105℃,不分离模式,增益1。结果 该方法空白无干扰,专属性良好;精密度、重复性、加样回收率均良好;右旋糖酐在相对分子质量2 700～36 800线性良好,回归方程为Y＝－0.220 5 X＋10.247 0（R²＝0.994 5）;对照品溶液和供试品溶液50 h稳定性良好;不同流动相、流动相体积流量、柱温、压缩空气体积流量、漂移管温度等的耐用性良好。17批SAFI均未检出大分子物质。结论 建立的HPMEC-ELSD方法简便、快捷,可用于SAFI中大分子物质的检测。